![]() ![]() However, so far, only a couple of research projects in which the content of black ink was thoroughly characterized have reached the literature. Black is by far the most common color used in tattoos. ![]() In spite of the recent increase in tattooed individuals and the wide popularity of tattooing amongst young people of both sexes, little is known about chemicals and contaminants in tattoo ink. The numbers are relatively similar for surveyed countries, such as Denmark, the United States and Australia. Surveys have shown that 15% of the whole population is tattooed, and this proportion is almost doubled for young to middle aged people. Tattoos have become increasingly popular in the Western world. However, it has additionally been demonstrated that some black inks already on the market do not produce ROS and also contain PAHs at levels that are below those recommended by the Council of Europe and very few additional contaminants. It has been shown that black tattoo inks may contain a multitude of chemicals, including carcinogens and allergens, and some have unknown toxicologies. singlet oxygen or peroxyl radicals), presumably via either adhered organic compounds or particle surface defects. Again, it has been shown that some inks produce deleterious ROS (e.g. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have recently been a topic in scientific literature related to tattoo ink. PAHs are known carcinogens and thus, low recommended levels have been suggested by the Council of Europe. Similar variations in PAH concentrations are observed in black inks. Analysis has shown that the production of the main component, carbon black, can lead to the formation of pigments with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contents that range from very high to almost completely absent. Little is known about the possible effects on humans of internalizing these chemicals. These studies have generally shown that black inks are a diverse group, containing anything from 5 to 50+ organic components. Black is the most common tattoo color, but only a few studies have shed light on the multitude of functional and contaminating chemicals present in black inks.
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